The treble clef or so-called G-clef starts on the second line of the staff. It is for high instruments and high voices. Its range goes from E4 on the first line to F5 on the fifth line.
The bass clef or so-called F-clef starts on the fourth line. It is for low instruments and low voices. The range of the bass clef goes from G2 to A3 on the first and fifth lines correspondingly.
Sometimes you can see C-clefs in instrumental music. However, they usually appear in vocal parts. We can find a lot of them in Palestrina's chorals, canons, and other contrapuntal works. Nowadays, composers use the treble clef and the bass clef more often. So if we want to transcribe a piece of music, we need to compare C-clefs with the treble or the bass clef.